My dog pulls on the leash, please help! I’ve heard that request a thousand times. We’ll have a look at why your dog pulls (and no, it is not a behavior problem and he doesn’t do that because he’s a bad dog!) and what you can do to have him walk at a slower pace, using only positive reinforcement!
Walks are often the most anticipated moment for our dogs: an opportunity to explore the world, sniff new scents, and burn off energy. However, when your companion constantly pulls on the leash, this activity can quickly become frustrating. So, why does a dog pull on the leash? And most importantly, what can be done to correct this behavior while respecting their needs?
Why?
1. A Natural Behavior
For a dog, walking on a leash is not an innate behavior. In nature, dogs move freely and follow their instincts. During walks, they are often guided by their nose and curiosity. When they catch an interesting scent or see something that catches their attention, their first instinct is to speed up to get closer. Additionally, we don’t walk at the same pace as our dog! They don’t understand why they need to stop or move at our pace. A dog who has never learned to walk calmly on a leash may pull simply because they don’t know what is expected of them.
2. Excitement and Anticipation
The walk is an exciting moment, and this excitement can push the dog to want to move faster. Dogs who associate walks with particularly stimulating moments, such as playing at the park or meeting other dogs, tend to pull in order to reach their goal faster.
3. Unintentional Reinforcement
When the dog pulls and you continue walking, even unconsciously, you reinforce this behavior. In fact, the dog learns that pulling on the leash is an effective way to get what they want: moving faster, getting closer to a scent, greeting a friend, or reaching the destination of the walk, etc.
4. Lack of Exercise or Mental Stimulation
A dog who does not receive enough physical exercise or mental stimulation may be too excited during walks, turning this moment into an outburst of uncontrolled energy.
What can I do?
1. Teach them to walk on a leash as a puppy
Puppies have great learning potential, and introducing this exercise early helps them quickly integrate good habits. Accompany the puppy to where they want to go (it’s not about forcing them in a particular direction), but encourage them to follow you (treats, verbal praise, petting, etc.)
2. Use appropriate equipment
If a dog pulls, do not attach the leash to a collar (there are obvious risks of injury) but rather to a good, comfortable, and ergonomic harness. Avoid using a head halter that forces the dog to turn its head violently when pulling on the leash. Similarly, avoid harnesses that attach at the front for anti-pulling, as these can be uncomfortable. Opt for a harness with a clip on the chest and one on the back. Attach a long leash to each clip (these leashes are sold in pet stores) so the dog who pulls isn’t disturbed at the neck and its weight is better distributed. Note, this tool should be used during the learning phase and abandoned once the leash walking is acquired.
Do not use a leash that is too short. A long line can be helpful for recall training.
3. Different methods
- “Stop and Go”:
Every time the dog pulls, stop immediately. Wait until they release the tension before continuing. This teaches them that pulling doesn’t allow them to move forward, whereas walking calmly is rewarded by continuing the walk. - Change of Direction:
To capture their attention, change direction regularly during the walk. They will learn that it benefits them to stay attentive since they won’t know where you’ll go next. - Positive Reinforcement Always reward your dog when they walk calmly by your side, look at you, or give you attention. Treats, petting, or an enthusiastic voice can reinforce this behavior.
- Channel Their Energy Before the Walk
For very energetic dogs, consider giving them a physical outlet before the walk. A short play session or training at home can help calm their excitement.
Prevention
- Early Socialization
Expose your puppy to different situations from a young age: sounds, smells, people, and other animals. A well-socialized dog is less likely to be excited or stressed during walks. - Mental Enrichment Stimulate your dog outside of walks with intelligence games, training sessions, or interactive toys. A mentally fulfilled dog will be calmer and less likely to pull.
- Avoid Inconsistencies Be consistent in your expectations. If you sometimes allow the dog to pull (for example, to greet another dog), they will be confused, and the behavior will persist.
Nothing Works… What to Do?
If, despite your efforts, your dog continues to pull, it may be helpful to consult a dog trainer or canine behaviorist. A professional who advocates positive education will be able to assess the underlying causes and suggest solutions suited to your dog and your situation.
Conclusion
Pulling on the leash is a common behavior but one that is entirely manageable. With patience, the right methods, and a good understanding, you can teach your dog to walk calmly by your side. Remember that every dog is unique and progresses at their own pace. Take the time to listen to your four-legged companion and offer them walks that meet their needs while strengthening your bond.
Sonia Quertenmont, The Dog Nanny, Your Canine Behaviorist
